Research & Evidence

A finding is only as strong as the evidence and scope behind it.

CSM distinguishes direct evidence, credible support, unresolved signals and findings that could not be established. The report preserves those differences.

VERIFIED

The reviewed source directly supports the stated finding at the identified evidence scope.

SUPPORTED

Credible evidence supports the finding, with the stated scope or limitation kept visible.

UNCONFIRMED

A plausible signal exists, but the evidence is not sufficient for a confirmed finding.

NOT ESTABLISHED

The available research did not establish the finding. The report says so explicitly.

Evidence Scope

Support stays attached to what the source actually covers.

A company-level or distributor statement is not silently promoted into an exact-product finding.

01Exact SKU
02Product family
03Manufacturer facility
04Manufacturer
05Supplier listing
06Market observation

Manufacturing origin

Investigated, evidence-scoped and never inferred from the seller’s address.

A Canadian distributor or storefront can establish a purchasing pathway. It does not, by itself, establish where a product, facility or manufacturer is located. CSM reports origin only at the scope supported by the reviewed source.